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Grammar

Spoken Finnish

Updated 19 September 20264 min readA2

Your first shock in Finland is that nobody speaks the Finnish in your book. Minä olen becomes mä oon. Me menemme becomes me mennään. En tiedä becomes en tiiä. It is not slang and it is not sloppy. It is a parallel system with its own rules, and you can learn it in an afternoon.

1. The pronouns

Written Spoken
minä mä I
sinä sä you
hän se he, she
me me we
te te you (plural)
he ne they

Se and ne are the written words for "it" and "they (things)". In speech they are used for people too, without any rudeness.

2. Olla in speech

Written Spoken
olen oon
olet oot
on on
olemme ollaan
olette ootte
ovat on

Mä oon nepalilainen. Sä oot opettaja. Me ollaan Helsingissä. Ne on kotona.

3. "We" uses the passive

Every verb: me mennään, me tullaan, me syödään, me ollaan, me tehdään, me puhutaan. In the past: me mentiin, me syötiin, me oltiin. The written menemme, tulemme survives only in formal contexts.

4. "They" uses the singular verb

Ne menee (not menevät), ne tulee, ne on, ne puhuu, ne halusi. Once you know this, half the verb table disappears.

5. Shortened verbs

A few very common verbs lose a syllable:

Written Spoken
tulen, tulet tuun, tuut
menen, menet meen, meet
panen, panet paan, paat
tiedän, tiedät tiiän, tiiät
en tiedä en tiiä
haluan, haluat, haluaa haluun, haluut, haluu
putoan, putoaa putoon, putoo
tarvitsen tarviin
katson kattoon (Helsinki)

The last two are regional; the first five are everywhere.

6. Dropped sounds

7. Questions

The question ending -ko/-kö becomes -ks, and it often glues to the pronoun: Tuletko sinä? → Tuutko sä? → Tuutsä? → Tuuks sä? All four are correct at different levels of formality. Onko sulla (do you have) → onks sulla.

8. Possessive pronouns

Minun → mun, sinun → sun, hänen → sen, meidän → meiän, teidän → teiän, heidän → niiden. The possessive suffix on the noun disappears: minun kirjani → mun kirja.

9. Numbers

yks, kaks, kolme, neljä, viis, kuus, seittemän, kaheksan, yheksän, kymmenen. Prices: kaks viiskyt (2.50), satakakskyt (120).

10. The small words Finns say all day

joo yeah
no niin okay then / here we go / well then (all-purpose)
kiva nice
tosi really, very
ihan quite, just, totally
niinku like (filler)
siis so, I mean
vaan just, only
kyl yes (kyllä)
mitäs what's up / so what
hei hi and bye
moi hi and bye, more casual
moikka, moi moi bye

One dialogue, both ways

Written: Hei! Oletko sinä uusi täällä? Minä olen Sita. Minä tulen Nepalista. Puhutko sinä englantia? Spoken: Moi! Ootsä uus täällä? Mä oon Sita. Mä tuun Nepalista. Puhutsä englantii?

Every verb page on this site has a "Spoken Finnish" tab with the full set of colloquial forms, so you can compare them for any verb you meet.

Frequently asked questions

Should I learn spoken or written Finnish first?

Both at the same time. Written Finnish is what courses, the YKI test and every official letter use. Spoken Finnish is what people say. The good news is that the differences follow rules, and every verb page on this site shows both columns.

What are mä and sä?

The spoken forms of minä (I) and sinä (you). Hän becomes se, he becomes ne. Minä puhun suomea becomes mä puhun suomee in Helsinki speech.

Why do Finns say me mennään instead of me menemme?

In speech the passive form replaces the first person plural. Me mennään, me ollaan, me syödään. It is universal in everyday Finnish and completely normal; only formal writing uses menemme.