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Grammar

Verb type 4

Updated 19 September 20263 min readA1

Type 4 gives you haluta (to want), osata (to know how), tavata (to meet), avata (to open), vastata (to answer), pelata (to play), herätä (to wake up), tilata (to order), varata (to book), siivota (to clean) and tykätä (to like). Learn haluta today: haluan is the word that gets you a coffee, a ticket and an appointment.

How to recognise type 4

The infinitive ends in a vowel + ta/tä, but not -ita/-itä (that is type 5) and not -eta/-etä (that is type 6):

Ending Examples
-ata, -ätä osata, vastata, tavata, pelata, herätä, tykätä, pelätä
-ota, -ötä siivota, tarjota, pudota, kadota
-uta, -ytä haluta

The stem: the t disappears

Remove -ta/-tä, then add a or ä (by vowel harmony) to the end of what remains:

Infinitive Remove -ta Add a/ä minä
haluta halu- halua- haluan
osata osa- osaa- osaan
herätä herä- herää- herään
siivota siivo- siivoa- siivoan
tarjota tarjo- tarjoa- tarjoan

The hän form doubles the last vowel unless the stem already ends in a double vowel: haluaa, tarjoaa, but osaa, herää.

Person haluta osata tavata
minä haluan osaan tapaan
sinä haluat osaat tapaat
hän haluaa osaa tapaa
me haluamme osaamme tapaamme
te haluatte osaatte tapaatte
he haluavat osaavat tapaavat

Reverse gradation

As in type 3, the infinitive is weak and the personal forms are strong:

Infinitive (weak) minä (strong)
tavata tapaan
pelätä pelkään
hypätä hyppään
tykätä tykkään
pudota putoan
kadota katoan
kelvata kelpaan

The negative, the past and the rest

Spoken Finnish contracts type 4

In everyday speech the stem's final -ua becomes -uu: mä haluun, sä haluut, se haluu, ne haluu (I want, you want, he wants, they want). Every verb page shows both versions.

Type 4 verbs to learn first

haluta · osata · tavata · avata · vastata · herätä · tilata · varata · pelata · tykätä

Test yourself

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between haluta and haluaa?

Haluta is the infinitive (to want) and haluaa is the hän form (he or she wants). In type 4 verbs the -t- of the infinitive disappears and the stem ends in two vowels, halua-. Minä haluan, sinä haluat, hän haluaa.

Why does tavata become tapaan?

Reverse consonant gradation. The infinitive is weak (tavata) and the personal forms are strong (tapaan, tapaat, tapaa). The same happens in pelätä → pelkään and hypätä → hyppään.

What is the past tense of haluta?

Halusin, halusit, halusi, halusimme, halusitte, halusivat. Type 4 verbs replace the final vowel of the stem with -si- in the past tense.